• To Jake, responsibility means not doing what he wants because he is thinking of others; to Amy, it means doing what others are counting on her to do regardless of whatshe herself wants
• men seeing danger more often in close personal affiliation than in achievement and constru- ing danger to arise from intimacy, women perceiving danger in im- personal achievement situations and construing danger to result from competitive success.
• Gilligan argues that this interpretation is flawed because Kohlberg’s theory prioritizes justice-based reasoning, which is more common in male thought. Instead, women tend to emphasize an ethics of care, which focuses on relationships, responsibility, and contextual understanding rather than rigid principles.

Kohlberg (Justice-Based)	Gilligan (Care-Based)
Preconventional (self-interest)	Selfishness to Responsibility
Conventional (societal norms)	Goodness as Self-Sacrifice
Postconventional (universal principles)	Mature Care Ethics (Balance of Care for Self & Others)